If I understand you correctly, what you are suggesting is that God gave Israel a covenant of law observance, one that does not bring life but death.
According to Hebrews chapter 11, the covenant that God made was one of faith.
"By faith Abel offered to God a more excellent sacrifice than Cain, through which he obtained witness that he was righteous, God testifying of his gifts; and through it he being dead still speaks.’
“By faith Enoch was translated so that he did not see death…”
“By faith Noah , being divinely warned of things not yet seen, moved with Godly fear…”
“By faith Abraham obeyed when he was called to go out to the place which he would afterward receive as an inheritance…”
And so on and so forth.
So what happened to this covenant of faith? As I mentioned before, it tells us in Galatians 4:21-31. The covenant of law observance was born of the flesh(man-made) Verse 29 But, as he who was born according to the flesh then persecuted him who was born according to the Spirit, even so it is now."
According to Acts 7:37-43, They received the living oracles after being brought out of Egypt. However, some rejected God, “And in their hearts they turned back to Egypt, saying to Aaron, 'Make us gods to go before us; as for Moses who brought us out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what happened to him. And they made a calf in those days offered sacrifices to the idol and rejoiced in the work of their own hands.”
As it goes on to say, they took up the tabernacle of Moloch and offered up slaughtered animals as sacrifices, and God let them go their own way.
Psalm 106 :19 "They made a calf in Horeb and worshipped a molten image. Thus they exchanged their glory for the image of an ox that that eats grass.’
And so there were two covenants; one established by faith in the Spirit of God(of the Spirit) and another of man-made laws and pagan practices ( of the flesh)