Just a few thoughts, opinions.
What is “being saved” and when does it occur.
God has bound up all in disobedience that He may have mercy on all(Ro 11)
“All” is the original parameter and intention. Disobedience in Adam(sin/chaos/futility/death) and its consequences is what we are saved from(in short). Union with Christ and being “gathered into” the all in all through submission/connection to Christ is what we are saved into.
Having made known unto us the mystery of his will, according to his good pleasure which he hath purposed in himself: That in the dispensation of the fulness of times he might gather together in one all things in Christ, both which are in heaven, and which are on earth; even in him:(Eph 1)
The soteriology as it relates to “all” plays out as both what and when.
"As in Adam all die so also in Christ shall all be made alive, but each in his own order… For He must rule until He has put every adversary under His feet… And when all things shall be subdued unto him, then shall the Son also himself be subject unto him that put all things under him, that God may be all in all.
The what is to “be saved from this perverse generation”(Acts 3-saved out of Adam) becoming a part of the new creation “If any man be in Christ Jesus he is a new creation”(2 Cor 5)
For the anxious longing of the creation waits eagerly for the revealing of the sons of God. For the creation was subjected to futility, not willingly, but because of Him who subjected it, in hope 21 that the creation itself also will be set free from its slavery to corruption into the freedom of the glory of the children of God. For we know that the whole creation groans and suffers the pains of childbirth together until now. (Rom 8)
Futility/chaos/death/sin entered through Adam. The “glorious liberty” of the children of God entered through the second Adam- Jesus Christ, and all will be gathered/grafted into the new creation, the True Vine.
“Every knee shall bow whther in heaven or on earth or under the earth, and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord to the glory of God the Father”(Phil 2)
Every knee will bow and tongue confess… to me that is “accepting Jesus”… confessing His Lordship and believeing that God has raised Him from the dead is a package deal involving connection to the True Vine by grafting into the new creation, which (imo) “IS salvation”.
This happens for different ones at different times and they are gathered/subjected/grafted each in his own order in the administration of the completion/fulness of time until God is all in all.
Those from the ages who never heard of Christ or were not a part of the commonwealth of Israel are, as has already been shared a couple times, introduced to the suffiency of Christ at the Great White Throne, whatever that actually is in the spirit, Romans 1 & 2 covers the principle of it well… basicly…
All are without excuse because God has clearly displayed His divine nature and eternal power thru the things He has made(Ro 1) and those who were without the law will be judged without the law their conscioences(the books will be opened) either excusing them or accusing them on the Day when God judges the secrets of men’s hearts through Jesus Christ(Ro 2)…
Those who rejoice to see Him and bow the knee will be “saved”…grafted into the all in all.
Some will not bow so easily and will experience aionian kolassis, testing/purging/exposure in the fire of His presence, until every knee has bowed, and as each knee bows(imo) the soteriological event will take place in that heart…delivered out of Adam and into the new creation in Christ.
“If I am lifted up from the earth I will draw all men unto me”(john 12)
“Behold I am making all things new”(rev 21)
The problem hellist(ET and ED) theologigians have is not so much misunderstanding soteriology in the how and what…
For it was the Father’s good pleasure for all the fullness to dwell in Him, 20and through Him to reconcile all things to Himself, having made peace through the blood of His cross; through Him, I say, whether things on earth or things in heaven. (Col 1)
Their problem is the limited scope they apply to “why” and “when”:
They cannot see the verses that state clearly that God created all things as a repository for grace and renewal. They do not see the ages. They do not see the progressive nature of the “seed” having been planted through the sowing of Christ’s body and becoming a matrix of life and light that eventually spreads throughout the whole creation like a fire transforming all things into conformity with His glorious life…
Even when we were dead in our transgressions, made us alive together with Christ (by grace you have been saved), 6and raised us up with Him, and seated us with Him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus,** so that in the ages to come He might show the surpassing riches of His grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus**.8For by grace you have been saved through faith; and that not of yourselves, it is the gift of God;…
(Eph 2)
Even tho it is referenced right there in the middle of the most fundamental and frequently referenced soteriological statements of scripture.
He told them still another parable: “The kingdom of heaven is like yeast that a woman took and mixed into about sixty pounds of flour until it worked all through the dough.”(mt 13)